8 Antenna Types Interactive 2D + 3D Radiation Patterns

📡 Microstrip Patch Antenna

Rectangular patch resonator on a grounded dielectric substrate. Based on cavity model and transmission-line analysis. Effective εᵣ model from Patnaik et al. (IEEE TAP, 1997).

5–8 dBi Gain Broadside Radiation ~2–5% Bandwidth
Substrate Parameters
RT5880 2.2 RO4003 3.55 FR4 4.4 Al₂O₃ 9.8
mm
Design Frequency
GHz
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern — E-plane (φ=0°)
📡
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〰️ Half-Wave Dipole Antenna

The reference antenna. A center-fed conductor of total length λ/2, producing a toroidal (donut-shaped) radiation pattern. Self-resonant, 73 Ω balanced impedance.

2.15 dBi Gain Omnidirectional 73 Ω Impedance
Dipole Parameters
MHz
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
〰️
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📶 Monopole Antenna

Quarter-wave vertical radiator over a ground plane. Image theory makes it equivalent to a half-wave dipole. 5.15 dBi gain, 36.5 Ω impedance — the basis for every vertical whip antenna.

5.15 dBi Gain Hemispherical Pattern 36.5 Ω Impedance
Monopole Parameters
MHz
mm
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
📶
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📻 Yagi-Uda Antenna

Parasitic array with driven element, one reflector, and multiple directors. Gain increases with element count. Classic design for TV, ham radio, and point-to-point links.

7–20+ dBi Gain High Directivity Narrow Beam
Yagi Parameters
MHz
λ
λ
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern (H-plane)
📻
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🔊 Pyramidal Horn Antenna

Flared waveguide aperture antenna. Primary feed for parabolic dishes and standard gain reference. Pyramidal horn combines E-plane and H-plane flaring for maximum gain.

10–25 dBi Gain Broadband Known Gain Standard
Waveguide & Aperture
GHz
mm
mm
mm
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
🔊
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⬛ Slot Antenna

Aperture cut in a conducting ground plane. By Babinet's principle, complementary to the dipole. Used in aircraft, waveguide arrays, and flush-mounted applications requiring low profile.

2.15 dBi Gain Flush Mounted ~485 Ω Impedance
Slot Parameters
GHz
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
⬛
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⭕ Loop Antenna

Closed conductive loop. Small loops (C≪λ) behave as magnetic dipoles; large resonant loops (C≈λ) achieve 3.4 dBi gain. Widely used in AM reception, RFID, and NFC applications.

1.76–3.4 dBi Magnetic Dipole Multi-Turn Option
Loop Parameters
MHz
mm
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
⭕
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🔭 Parabolic Reflector

High-gain aperture antenna using a paraboloid reflector to focus energy. Gain scales with (D/λ)². Used in satellite communications, radio telescopes, and microwave links.

20–50+ dBi Gain Very Narrow Beam High Efficiency
Reflector Parameters
GHz
mm
📊 Radiation Pattern
🔭
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